President Park Geun Hye Of South Korea - 1606 Words

On October 14th, the news of president Park Geun-hye of South Korea forcing the controversial textbook issued by national government became a huge issue, since the textbook was written in the perspective of conservative political party. (Padden) The new textbook that is planned to be published in 2017 puts huge implication on the â€Å" â€Å"proud† history of South Korea , which has achieved both democratization and industrialization in the shortest time in the world history†(Padden), which supports the idea of Japanese modernization being positive impacts. President Park’s family history shows that the Park Geun-hye’s father was also a conservative president who has past record of serving in the Japanese military. Due to this issue, diverse conservative critiques and students have protested against the renewal of national history text book. This example demonstrates that the example of knower s perspective, with or without the intention, implicating a c ertain type of effects to the people’s pursuit of knowledge. Using examples from astrology/science and history, I would investigate whether knower’s perspective is always or is not essential in the pursuit of knowledge through usage of language and emotions. In this essay, perspective is defined as a concept or opinion built upon one’s experience or background such as gender, race, religious position, historical era, education experiences, and ‘pursuit of knowledge’ as act of learning or researching in order to acquire certainShow MoreRelated1984 As A Corrupt Government1290 Words   |  6 Pagesand announcing fake news. Ultimately, they limit the thoughts and emotions of their citizens. Although 1984 tells a fictional story, the fabricated government in the story certainly exists in our modern world, more evidently in countries like North Korea. However, in developed countries that say that freedom is prioritized and advocates for human rights, are the governments completely honest, or do they deceive their citizens? In 1984, there is the Big Brother who serves to be the leader/presidentialRead MoreGender Equality in Sk1313 Words   |  6 PagesGender Equality in South Korea Women and men share many physical characteristics and mental abilities, but why are men more valued than women even today in many cultures around the world? It has only been a few decades since women started gaining gender equality and power in selected parts of the world. South Korea, which is a very small country with a population of 49.78 million used to be one of the most gender-conservative country, preferring men over women for centuries. Despite this longRead MoreZhimeng Zhang. Essay 2. Prof. Floyd. Eng 28. 05/18/2017.864 Words   |  4 Pagescompromise ethics dry out some things illegally. President is very important for a country to reach the prosperity. Rights will also lead politician to lose their senses and become grave. â€Å" South Korea’s recently impeached and ousted president, Park Geun-hye, was formally indicted on Monday on charges of collecting or demanding $52 million in bribes, becoming the first leader put on criminal trial since the mid- 1900s, w hen two former military-backed presidents were imprisoned for corruption and mutinyRead MoreDr. Lee s President Park2000 Words   |  8 Pages Originally from Seoul, South Korea, Dr. Hong Yong-Pyo received his B.A. and J.D. from Yonsei University, and a Ph.D. in international relations from Oxford University. He has been serving as a Blue House secretary for unification issues since his nomination by President Park Geun-hye as the unification minister on February 17, 2015. Minister Hong was also a researcher at the Korea Institute for National Unification for four years and served as the head of the Institute of Unification Policy inRead MoreThe Net Migration Rate ( Nmr )870 Words   |  4 Pageshowever, compared to Republic of Korea, it is relatively marginal. Republic of Korea has had a much more dynamic NMR since the 1950s with significant fluctuations of NMR; however, the country has been experiencing a relatively big positive NMR since 2000. Looking at East Asia as a whole, similar to Japan, the NMR trend has been steady and around the 0 net migration rate mark, with relatively negligible negative NMR since 1985. Both countries, Japan and South Korea, can be seen to be in a similarRead MoreThe United State Relations Between South Korea And United States1250 Words   |  5 Pagesrelation between South Korea and United State has evolved in many aspects with regard to military alliance, economic cooperation, and cultural exchange. Such relationship has lasted almost 70 years, back and forth. In fact, Republic of Korea- United State relations have been extensive since 1950, when the United State helped establish the modern state of South Korea and fought on it United State-sponsored side in the Korea War (1950-1953). During the subsequent four decades, South Korea experienced tremendousRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Marina Malandro1700 Words   |  7 PagesMalandro Geography: Korea is a 750-mile-long peninsula located in the eastern part of the Asian continent bordering the East Sea and the Yellow sea. Seoul is the country’s capital. Nowadays the country is split into South and North Korea, There are many mountains in South Korea. They are small compared to many others around the world. Over millions of years, their peaks have been worn down by harsh weather such as wind and rainfall. Most of them are below 3,300 feet. On South Korea s Jeju Island highRead MoreHow Music Can Enforce Or Challenge Power936 Words   |  4 Pagesthe piece was performed. When the apartheid ended in 1990s and the New South Africa era started, there was a problem with the national anthem. In 1997, a new combined anthem mixes â€Å"Nkosi sikelel’ iAfrika† with â€Å"Die Stem van Suid Afrika† and the lyrics in four languages: Zulu, Xhosa, Afrikaans, and English. The lyrics employ the four most widely spoken of South Africa’s official languages to represent the diversity in South Africa. â€Å"Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika† (Lord, Bless Africa) was adopted by theRead MoreChina And Japan s Relations Years After World War II1380 Words   |  6 Pagestake a look at their relations today, we need to ask ourselves several questions. How are their relations 70 years after World War 2? How do their relations affect world economy? And how does this affect the world and countries nearby, such as South Korea? Since the relation between China and Japan is so rich in history, we need to look back and evaluate what are the causes for this great animosity. China has greatly influenced Japan with language, culture, religion, and philosophy. However, JapanRead MoreRussia China Energy Relations : A Comprehensive Overview Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pageswill play out in the Asia-Pacific region; North Korea borders Russia and China and conducts regular provocations that may raise the risk to regional energy infrastructure, and maritime hotspots increase the prospect of conflict. Increasing demand for energy – particularly natural gas – from the major Asian economies will open up tremendous opportunities for Russia to bolster its energy security by supplying oil and natural gas to China, Japan, and Korea. At the same time, China’s ever-increasing economic

The Physics Of The Gas - 1023 Words

Charles’ Law Introduction: Charles’ Law states that if a given quantity of gas is held at a constant pressure, its volume is directly proportional to the temperature. The purpose of this lab is to demonstrate that when the gases are heated the volume of the gas will expand and increase the total volume. The gases when heated made the syringe rise and therefore expanding the volume potential of the gases. Theory: According to Charles Law the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature assuming the pressure is constant. Charles’ Law when relating the volume of a gas at constant pressure to its temperature is summarized in this formula: V/T = k where T is the temperature (in degrees Kelvin), V is the volume and k is†¦show more content†¦After recording all data in the lab notes, take a constant temperature bath from the shelf and place it on the work bench, adjust the temperature of the constant temperature bath to 0 degrees Celsius. After that place the flask in the constant bath, let the temperature reach a constant point and then record the new data. After that change the temperature of the constant temperature bath to 40 degrees Celsius, allow the temperature to stabilize and record the new volume and temperature of the gas. Next change the temperature of the constant temperature bath to 60 degrees Celsius, 80 degrees Celsius, and 100 degrees Celsius and record the temperature in Kelvin and the new volume at all of the temperatures listed above. Then clear the work bench and prepare for the next experiment. In experiment number two, take an Erlenmeyer flask form the shelf and place it on the workbench and close it. Then add 1.5atm of butane gas to the flask and note that the volume of the flask is 150mL (the gas occupies the entire volume of the flask.) Next take a syringe from the materials shelf and place it in the flask and record the new volume of both the flask and the syringe. After recording the data in the lab notes take the flask and place it in a constant temperature bath at 40 degrees Celsius. Record the temperature (in degrees Kelvin) and the volume of the flask added to the volume of the syringe in the lab notes. Next change the temperature of the

Comtemparory Business Free Essays

There are many companies that make products that go head to head. Coca Cola and Pepsi are an example of such reveries. There has been many taste test and competitions that Involved the soda kings. We will write a custom essay sample on Comtemparory Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now This reverie has been going on for over a century. (See appendix 1) The start of this long standing soda war began 1 886 when creator John S. Pentameter developed the original recipe for Coke. Then 13 years later Pepsi creator pharmacist Caleb Abraham developed his formula. By this time Coca-Cola was already fulfilling order that totaled a million gallons per year. Coke hen continue to develop its iconic bottle in 1921, they then secured huge name endorsements deals, expanded to Europe and Cuba, Canada and Panama. In the Interim, peeps went bankrupt because of WI In 1923. Pepsi Is fully revived fully In 1931 and begin a campaign to rival coke back and forward. Although Pepsi never really tops Coke in soda sales the Pepsi Company is still more profitable than Coke due to their diversity of the many other products they sell. Coke spends a half a billion more on advertising than Pepsi. (See appendix 2) (Basin, 2013) Corporate Culture Performance with a purpose Is the PepsiCo corporate culture motto. The PepsiCo CEO, Indri K. Onion, states: Ethics and growth are connected is a broadly shared understanding in today’s business world. But these words appeared in the PepsiCo Annual Report back in 1968?just three years after the Pepsi-Cola Company and the Frito-Lay Company merged to form PepsiCo. It is a testament to how long we have treasured the belief that corporate capabilities and corporate character are not Just Integrated, but Inseparable. (Company T. P. 2013) Here she Is stating that ethics Is an Intricate part of PepsiCo culture and It has en for many, many years. This is before it has been before it has been set and a standard in the business world today. She goes on to speak about how this ideal has made Pepsi the innovator and leader in such areas from civil rights to scholarships to recycling. The Pepsi Company believes that its investment in the future by way of environmental protection, Investing back Into the community and performance with purpose keeps the company ahead of the global challenges shaping the industry. Coca Cola Company’s President and COO Glen Walter states that: Since our first odd fountain sales in 1886, we have been a driver of marketplace innovation and an investor in local economies. Today we lead the beverage industry with more than 500 beverage brands including four of the world’s top-five sparkling brands. But while our business opportunities are enormous, our commitment to our consumers and the communities In which we operate Is even greater. According to the website the company’s focus is Sustainability and growth. The company strives to continue to be a leader of the soda world. The mission statement reads: Our Roadman starts with our mission, which is enduring. It declares our purpose as a company and serves as the standard against which we weigh our actions and decisions. To refresh the world†¦ To create value and make a difference. (company T. C. , 2013) It seems that the Coca Cola Co does not talk about it ties and comments to the community and the future but Just to the sustainability of the company. The advisements appear to be community based it does not seem to resonate through the corporate culture. The difference of corporate culture seems to be Pepsi seems to embody forwardness of the company and community since sass’s. Whereas n the other had Coca Cola seems to Just in the recent 20 years or so adopted the community with the development of its Coca Cola Foundation. Benefits of competition The battle between the two great giants has sparked new and innovative ways to stay above the competition. One example of a intense exchange that take place during the Cola Wars was Coca-Cola deciding to a strategic retreat minion, by publicizing its plans to bring back the original coke recipe after the introduction of New Coke. The wars also lead to Pepsi realizing that its grip on the soda world was not as evident ND they decided in 1965 to diversify and acquired ownership of Frito-lay Company. (Basin, 2013) Another benefit of the wars are the introduction in the late sass, Pepsi launched its most profitable long-term strategy of the Cola Wars, called Pepsi Stuff. This was a point system where Pepsi consumers drank Pepsi and received points to buy free Pepsi lifestyle merchandise. After researching the company launched the program and it gained instant success. Millions of patrons take part in the program. This move also made Pepsi highly popular and it outperformed Coke during the summer of the Atlanta Olympics which is in the hometown of Coke. Later in 2005 Coca-Cola and Pepsi started a â€Å"cyber-war† with the re-introduction of Pepsi Stuff in 2005 ; Coca-Cola strikes back with Coke Rewards. A third benefit is in 1985, Coca-Cola and Pepsi were launched into space aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger. The companies had invented special cans to test packaging and dispensing systems for use in zero G conditions. The experiment was classified a failure by the shuttle crew, primarily due to the lack of both refrigeration and gravity. But this pushed the companies and it lead to the invention of the Coca-Cola fountain dispenser. (Russell, 012) Continue to Thrive I speculate that Pepsi will continue to bill there brand threw the food brand versus just focusing on the soda side of things. Coca Cola now is focusing plans to focus on build its brand throughout the world and community. The Journey is called Me, We and the world. The company has made the statement that they are committed to grow the business in an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable way. (Company T. C. , 2013) These statements are a part of their investment sustainability plan. The soda wars have gone on for centuries and although never company will admit o the ongoing competition, they both are innovators in the world of business and will continue to forge on to success. How to cite Comtemparory Business, Papers

Law Australian Consumer Law

Question: Discuss about the Lawfor Australian Consumer Law. Answer: Introduction: There are number of Australian businesses which are using the method of advertising for the purpose of promoting their goods and services. There are many methods of advertisement such as through television, radio, internet or print media, and while advertising through these modes it is necessary that companies ensure that their advertising complies with the law[1]. In this paper we state the marketing law issues related to advertising and selling. Subsequently, this paper is concluded with brief conclusion. Legal Issues Relating to Selling and Advertising: In Australia, there is national law named as Australian Consumer Law (ACL), and the main aim of this law is to protect customers and ensure fair trading in Australia. ACL is the part of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (the Act). Now a day, both advertising and selling practices are increasing rapidly, and now businesses are not only depend on television and print media, but advertising practices are widely spread in online environment through the way of E-mails, social media apps, online shopping sites, sites which compare the price, and review platforms. Businesses that advertise through online mode are under same responsibilities and obligations which are imposed on traditional modes. Therefore, it is necessary that business organizations must comply with the Act while advertising their goods and services. Fair selling and advertising practices related to goods and services result in consumer satisfaction and growth in business. The rights and obligation stated in the ACL ens ure whether business organizations are conducting their practices in fair manner or not[2]. In the present case, organization is developing program for the purpose of marketing the novel related to fitness program with state of the equipment of art gym, and it also coupled with personalized fitness training for those customers who are home-based. Following are some legal issues which company must address before advertising and selling their novel: There are two fundamental rules of advertising and selling that are business organization must not engage in any such conduct which is misleading or deceptive and business organization must not make misleading claims or statements. Generally, in practice both the rules overlap each other, and one particular statement can breach both the rules. In this paper we discuss the two rules, and it must be noted that similar law applies equally in those cases in which business organizations are advertising their products in online environment. Business that promote their goods and services through online mode must ensure that their online ways does not create any kind of misleading impression on customers and it also not include any false claims[3]. Misleading or deceptive conduct- it is illegal for business organizations to engage in any type of mislead or deceptive conduct or mislead or deceive consumers or other business. This law applied even when intention of organization is not to mislead or deceive anyone or no person or business suffered any loss or damage because of your conduct[4]. False or Misleading Claims- prohibition related to mislead or deceptive conduct also include prohibition on false or misleading claims. In other words, it is not lawful to make false or misleading statements by business organizations related to their goods and services. Misrepresentation stands for false or misleading claim and statement made by one party to another party, and it also includes those statements that organization made through television or radio, catalogues, labels, websites, contracts or during the period of contract negotiations, telephone, letters or emails or in person. For the purpose of deciding whether claim made by organization is false or misleading, Court considers the circumstances in which it is made. Therefore, it is necessary that organization does not make any false or misleading statements related to their goods and services such as goods are of particular standards, quality quantity, mode, value etc. there are some rules which deals with the false and misleading statements made by organization in case of providing services. Section 29 of the Act states various statements and claims which are considered as false or misleading statement[5]. This can be understand through real case study that is Federal Court of Australia[2007] FCA 1990, in which Federal Court stated that false or misleading statements are made by car manufacturers related to one of its vehicles. As per manufacturer vehicle includes 7 seats but in actual only five seats are there, and manufacturer also represented that drive way price of vehicle was $79 990 but in actual customers has to pay extra charges for delivery, statutory charges, and additional cost for two extra seats[6]. There is one more requirement that is genuine online reviews, which state that online reviews provide information to the consumer related to goods and services and these reviews are clearly based on the experience of other consumers. Reviews related to products are available on the site of business organizations, social media, and review platforms[7]. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary for business organizations to consider these two fundamental rules while conducting advertising and selling practices related to goods and services, and it is also necessary that business does not involve in any misleading or deceptive conduct while performing their business in organization. References: ACCC, Advertising promoting your business, https://www.accc.gov.au/business/advertising-promoting-your-business, Accessed on 9th April 2017. ACCC, Advertising and selling guide, (2014), https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/722_Advertising%20and%20selling_FA_2015.pdf, Accessed on 9th April 2017. ACCC, False or misleading statements, https://www.accc.gov.au/business/advertising-promoting-your-business/false-or-misleading-statements, Accessed on 9th April 2017. ACCC, Managing online reviews, https://www.accc.gov.au/business/advertising-promoting-your-business/managing-online-reviews, Accessed on 9th April 2017. Australian Government, Business, https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/develop-your-business-plans/marketing/legal-obligations-of-marketing, (2016), Accessed on 9th April 2017. Federal Court of Australia[2007] FCA 1990. Marketing Minds, Australian Consumer Law and Marketing Communications, https://www.marketingminds.com.au/regulation.html, Accessed on 9th April 2017. 7

A Timely Subversion The Role of Politics and Pressure in the Nazi Rise to Power free essay sample

A discussion of the book The Nazi Seizure of Power by William Sheridan Allen. This paper examines Allens book The Nazi Seizure of Power. It discusses the authors use of the town of Thalburg as a microcosmic example of German social and political realities. Following the end of World War I, the people of Germany felt the consequences of their loss coupled with the reverberations of the American stock market crash. The effects of the Great Depression only trickled down slowly to the small German town of Thalburg, the fictitious name of a real town whose privacy William Sheridan Allen wishes to protect throughout his work, The Nazi Seizure of Power. Attempting a democratic state in early twentieth century Germany was difficult at best, futile at worst. Using Thalburg as a microcosmic example of German social and political realities, Allen describes the Nazi rise to power as a function and result of divisions among the general populace. We will write a custom essay sample on A Timely Subversion: The Role of Politics and Pressure in the Nazi Rise to Power or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the wake of defeat came a revolution led by the working class which overthrew the Kaiser and established a republic in Germany, (p. 8). However, Allen soon points out that the town (of Thalburg) soon became a relatively strong center for the violently rightist organization, Jung deutsche Orden As in the Thirty Years War the town was rent by strife and inner cleavage, (p. 8). This inner cleavage was clearly represented by election statistics in 1925.

Starbucks SWOT Analysis

Starbucks SWOT Analysis Introduction The Starbucks Corporation has expanded its operational capacity by establishing its business across all regions of the world since it began its operations in 1971 in Seattle.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks SWOT Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company’s revenue has expanded greatly with direct operations in more than 60 countries across the world currently. As at the end of 2012, the revenue of the company stood at $13.29 billion, with the company’s profits crossing the billion dollar mark to reach $1.38 billion. The paper presents a SWOT analysis of the Starbucks Corporation by focusing on the internal environment of the corporation and the external environment. In the analysis, the paper presents an assessment of the operational conditions within and without the organizations. The paper also assesses the possible impacts of these operating conditions or strategies on the competitive positioning of the company in the industry in which it operates. Strengths Research ascertains that the corporation has managed to establish itself as a brand that is highly respected in the industry across the entire world. The basis for brand positioning in the company began with the managements decisions to concentrate and dominate the North American Market, which is one of the wealthiest markets in the world. This has been followed by the aggressive opening of new stores across the world, especially in the first decade of the 20th century. At a certain stage in 2005, the company managed to open stores at the rate of 32 per week. This depicts the aggressiveness of the top management of the company. It denotes the desire of the management to expand the brand across the world (Shah, Thompson, Hawk, 2006). Therefore, it can be noted that the company sought to increase its presence in the markets in which it had penetrated, increasing the corporation’s chan ce to establish a larger customer base in its operating regions (Shah, Thompson, Hawk, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As of today, the Starbucks Corporation enjoys the largest market share in the global coffee chain industry, having been rated as the largest coffee chain store across the globe. The ability of the company to attain this position is attributed to the aggressive expansion strategy in the management of the company. Under its Chief Executive, Howard Schultz, the company is planning to open more stores. This is bound to help the company to cement its position not only as the largest, but also the most widespread brand in the coffee chain industry across the world. This is an indicator of strategic and visionary leadership, which is critical in the substance of business operations in a competitive business environment. However, the company needs to learn how to moderate its pace of expansion by assessing the economic conditions (Mangold, 2012). The company has also been able to build its capacity around the production of different coffee brands. Among these coffee brands is specialty coffee. Patterning the strong coffee brands in the company is the fact that the company has created a customer friendly environment in all its stores, which is depicted by the friendly employees and premium music. This is a marketing strategy that enhances customer experience and satisfaction. The sound financial record is another important thing to note as far as the competitiveness of Starbucks is concerned. The company has been witnessing an incremental growth in profits due to sound management policies. The increment in profits had risen to 14% as at the end of 2012 (Shah, Thompson, Hawk, 2006). This is a remarkable performance considering the recent economic crisis that affected its major markets. This enables the company to maintain a hi gher percentage of return on investments. This puts the company far much higher than its competitors (Mangold, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks SWOT Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The deployment of strategic human resource management practices in the company enables the company to record a higher level of employee satisfaction. Starbucks gives its values a lot of benefits such that they are not easily poached by competitors. This implies a low rate of employee turnover and a higher rate of employee efficiency and quality delivery (Mangold, 2012). Weakness In as much as the brands of the company are highly rated, one of the main undoing for the company is that most of its brands are offered at higher prices than the competitor brands. Therefore, an economic evaluation of the coffee brands in the market ends up resulting in higher ratings for competitor brands. The company should reconsider the fair adjustment of the pricing rate for its products, although it is bound to have a negative effect on return on investments (Mangold, 2012). The company has a poor record of embracing sustainable practices. Starbucks still appears in the news for embracing unethical practices like tax evasion and exploitation of its suppliers in the modern economic environment where most companies are striving to gain the ‘green’ tag. The company is bound to lose touch with its customers if such practices continue to be witnessed. The company needs to hasten the rate at which it is embracing ethics and corporate social responsibility. This begins with the establishment of mutually beneficial relationships with its suppliers for the sake of sustainability in supplies (Mangold, 2012). The operation of the company depends on products, whose prices keeps fluctuating. The company has no capacity to control the prices of coffee beans. Therefore, frequent rises in the prices of coffee ar e caused by natural and economic forces in the international market. Therefore, the estimation of coffee prices as the major product used by the company is quite challenging. However, the fact that the company has operated in the industry for an extended period of time means that it can use its records to project on the future prices of the coffee beans. This enables the company to adjust its operations for the sake of sustaining its profitability (Mangold, 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opportunities The emerging markets offer a great opportunity for the company. In the recent times, the company has been seen extending its operations in the Asian region, Eastern Europe, South America, and the Middle East region where most economies are experiencing a transition from low to middle and from middle to large income economies (Shah, Thompson, Hawk, 2006). The concentration of the company in producing coffee brands has aided the company to attain a commanding position in the market. However, there are opportunities for growth and expansion through broadening the range of products that are offered by the company. This strategy has been under implementation in Starbucks’s mother market. Some of the products that can be introduced by the company include energy drinks, fast food offerings, alcohol, and juices (Shah, Thompson, Hawk, 2006) Starbucks does not only focus on operating its coffee houses, but it also develops business partnerships with other retailers who help the company sell its products. The development of such strategic partnerships with more retailers like supermarkets and restaurants should be embraced (Curtis Williams, 2008). Threats There is immense competition in the coffee chain market. Starbucks faces immense competitive pressure from other world’s renowned restaurants and chain stores. These include McDonalds, Caribou Coffee Company, Dunkin Brands Group, Costa Coffee, Nestlà © S.A, and Green Mountain Coffee Roasters. These companies offer a wide variety of coffee, thereby causing a good level of competition for customers. Most of them, like Macdonald’s, are at a higher advantage because coffee is not their main product offering. Competition is worsened when it comes to the other local competitors who offer coffee at a relatively lower price. Moreover, customers seem to be more familiar with the menus in local cafes. There is a high probability of significant loss in market share without diversification of the range of products and product offering to the customers (Mangold, 2012). According to Mangold (2012), the inability of the company to predict and control prices of dairy products and coffee products is another possible impediment to the successful operation of Starbucks. The prices of these products are often externally controlled, implying that the company is only left with the option of responding to price changes. Venturing in other product offerings can serve as a key strategy for cushioning the company from this threat. This impediment can be related to constant political and economic challenges that are witnessed in the developing market economies from which the company gets most of its supplies, especially coffee. The fact that the company has established a strong brand across the world implies that it has many admirers. This has resulted in cases of copyright infringement that involve the illegal use of the Starbucks trademark by other businessmen in the industry. This a lso translates to a possible loss in market share if the company does not enhance a crackdown on such businessmen (Mangold, 2012). Conclusion From the analysis conducted in the paper, it can be concluded that the establishment of stronger brands and expansion of the company into other markets has been key in maintaining Starbucks’s market share. This has sustained the competitiveness of the company. References Curtis, T., Williams, J. (2008). CIM coursebook 08/09 marketing management in practice. Burlington: Elsevier Ltd. Mangold, C. (2012). Starbucks: Success strategy and expansion problems. Berlin: GRIN Verlag. Shah, A. J., Thompson, A. A., Hawk, T. F. (2006). Case 29: Starbucks’ global quest in 2006: Is the best yet to come? In Thompson, A. A., Strickland, A. J., Gamble, J. E. Crafting strategy executing: The quest for competitive advantage- concepts and cases. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Peer review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 27

Peer review - Essay Example The result of this paper demonstrates how important the spiritual body is for both of these faiths although neither have anything else in common. In conclusion, although varying religions do have different rituals or prayers they all agree that a healthy spiritual body is required for a healthy human being. Providing optimal health care is what every health provider strives to do. In order to provide this holistic care, providers will need to view the person as the whole – body, mind, spirit and emotions. In other words, to provide the optimal health care that every patient deserves, health care workers must work with patients to achieve a proper balance in the patient’s lives; physical, emotional and spiritual (Shelly & Miller, 2006).   All patients must be viewed as a person and not a disease. They are individuals with both a physical and mental health. However in order to provide this type of care health care, providers must be knowledgeable about the various different faith expressions and be able to accept the diversity among the varied faiths as all patients providers offer care to will be from numerous different backgrounds. As a consequence to develop insight in providing a most holistic care this paper will explore two different perspectives, Christia n and Buddhism, and compare each of them relative to their different belief systems and their implications of these beliefs on health care. To compare the two different perspectives, both of the perspective’s worldview must be clearly defined. Defining the basics of the worldview will require 7 elementary questions: What is prime reality, What is the nature of the world around us, What is a human being, What happens to a person at death, Why is it possible to know anything at all, How do we know right and wrong, and lastly What is the meaning of human history (Shelly & Miller, 2006).   Beginning with the Christian perspective, the prime reality within the Christian worldview is that

Psychology questions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology questions - Term Paper Example For Christian therapy and therapy in general, I think it’s necessary to, in a sense, disregard these findings and adopt a pro-active worldview that emphasizes the individual’s agency in facing and combating their psychic complications and dysfunctions. 2. I believe that Freud’s theories are an approximation of human nature and the use of his terms like ego defense mechanisms and the unconscious are not scientifically accurate. I think any therapy would benefit from the aspects of Freudian psychotherapy that seek to find the deep undercurrents of issues over a prolonged investigative period, but that it would be erroneous to believe that a therapeutic approach that doesn’t involve specific Freudian approaches and Freudian terminology is ineffective. 3. In reviewing Freud’s stage of psychosexual development I am drawn to the means by which individuals have set stages and struggles they must encounter in order to developmentally progress. While Freud is predominantly concerned with the childhood stages of development, he concludes his psychosexual stages of development with the genital phase which includes large portions of adolescence and young adulthood (Mitchell 1996). When I consider such stages in my own life I am drawn to the period after graduation from high school when I faced a sort of personal crisis as to my place in the world and maturity. I approached this life stage with determination and consistency in both school and my social life; I would apply these principles to my therapeutic approach as I believe they can be applied to a wide variety of developmental challenges. 4. Considering death from a spiritual standpoint, I believe that it is necessary for one to consider their own mortality and find a certain meaning or purpose in their life. I don’t think it’s necessarily essential that an individual embrace a belief in an afterlife, but that they understand that their time on Earth is limited and

Web or Mobile System Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Web or Mobile System Paper - Essay Example There are different types of forms available that includes responses and Google results that can be emailed to anyone. Google will ask about the type of the document for example word document, presentation or spreadsheet if a new document is opened. Moreover, the documents are easily assembled into separate folders and can be restricted to specific users. The folders can be moved anywhere and can be prearranged according to the date or time. Google Docs provides enhanced editing options for the users that allow the modification of HTML or CSS. As it is a web page creator, if any user is not able to find any option for a precise effect from the standard menu option, HTML and CSS will be up to the task (Mendelson, 2011). It is easy to modify or edit a file but some users may find it difficult. HTML editing is also required to modify page numbers, page orientation or columns in the document. Moreover, drawings and images can also be modified; however, charts are not available in Google Documents. Furthermore, charts can be aligned to the left, right, below and up, as they cannot float. Organizations can also use Google Docs for their business by transforming stand-alone spreadsheets in to online documents that will considerably save the cost. Moreover, there are no operating system and hardware compatibility issues, as the application is easily accessible online. However, compatible web browser is required for accessing Go ogle docs. Google Docs homepage consist of a robust editor that includes all the features useful for the editing. A single menu bar is present that allows the users to add different font styles or text sizes into the document. As compare to Microsoft formatting options are reduced while the important options are still available for the users ease. The Google suite includes necessary tools that can help to create resumes, letters, thesis documents or other professional as, well as academic

The Business Culture In China

The Business Culture In China Culture is a complicated concept to define due to its multi-dimensional attribute and the existing disparity in evidence on diverse cultural facets. Understanding culture is a key issue in the development of cross-cultural relationships and is one of the main issues facing multi-national enterprises (MNEs) both internally within the human resource team and externally such as relationship with buyers suppliers from different countries. Culture is also a vital factor that needs to be considered when a firm is expanding internationally, mode of entry to a foreign market, foreign direct investments and also during international mergers acquisitions. In this essay we will discuss first about culture in general, then we will discuss about various dimensions of culture proposed by Hofstede and Trompenaars and then highlight about the business culture of china as per Hofstedes cultural dimensions. Further to this we discuss about a couple of US MNEs international behaviour in Chinese marke t and conclude by discussing on the implications of Chinese business culture on doing business in China Review on culture Culture is a very complex topic and has many definitions. Kroeber Kluckhohn (1952) were able to collect more than 160 definitions of culture. Hence, it is vital to comprehend culture in different perspectives. Its impact on business has been discussed from various perspectives (MÃ ¶ller Svahn 2002). Goodenough (1971) sees culture as a set of beliefs or standards, shared by a group of people, which help the individual decide what is, what can be, how to feel, what to do and how to go about doing it. Hofstede (2001) defines culture as the collective mental programming of the mind which distinguishes one group or category of people from another. Culture has also been defined as a multifaceted and organized set of elements, comprising understanding, beliefs, values, arts, law, manners and morals, and all other kind of skills and habits acquired by a human being as a member of a particular society (Usunier 1996). Culture is the system of shared values that differentiates the members of one group from another (Hofstede, 1980; Mueller Thomas, 2001). Thus, national culture acts as the common frame of reference or logic by which members of a society view organizations, the environment, and their relations to one another (Geletkanycz, 1997). The sources of culture have been divided into the following categories: language, nationality, education, profession, ethnic group, religion, family, sex, social class and corporate or organisational culture (Usunier 1996). A vital component in culture is language, especially for international business. But not only verbal communication is of significance, also the messages given through non-verbal communication; gestures, gesticulations and attitudes are significant. Eye contact, touching, space and privacy are understood and used differently in different cultures. At least 75% of all communication is non-verbal (Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner 1997). Nationality and national culture is often considered a cornerstone of culture. Dimensions of culture Hofstede (1980, 1984), Hofstede and Bond (1988) and Trompenaars (1994) all proposed cultural dimensions by which diverse national cultural patterns can be evaluated. In this essay, we will be discussing more about the Hofstedes Cultural dimensions as they are extensively cited in the literature. Cultural dimensions simplify the judgment practice by highlighting the core elements on which national culture can be compared. These elements are universal across all national cultures. National culture pertains to the culture of a sovereign country not to the different sub-cultures that exist within each sovereign country. Trompenaars (1994) proposed seven cultural dimensions and clustered them beneath three major headings: those arising from relationships with other people, those involving the passage of time and those emerging from our attitudes towards the environment. The seven dimensions are: attitudes to time; universalism vs particularism; individualism vs collectivism; emotional; specific/diffuse; achievement/ascription and internal environmental control/external environmental control. Hofstede (1980) highlighted four cultural dimensions: power distance; masculinity/femininity; individualism/collectivism; and uncertainty avoidance. In addition to the original four cultural dimensions, Hofstede (1990) suggested the fifth cultural dimension, called Confucian Work Dynamic. The Chinese Culture Connection (1987) conducted a Chinese Value Survey (CVS) based on traditional Chinese cultural values and recognized this non-Western cultural dimension. Three of the four factors were concurrent with Hofstedes (1984) work-related cultural dimensions. Only one factor, Confucian work dynamics, was not related with Hofstedes (1984) cultural dimensions. Hofstede (1990) espoused this eastern cultural dimension as the fifth work-related cultural dimension in his book, Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. Hofstede (2001) renamed this cultural dimension as Long-Term Orientation (LTO). Power distance (PD) This dimension states the level of reception of inequality in a society. Inequality is found in all societies, and is visible at all levels: physical, social, material, political and legal. PD also indicates to the power disproportion between superiors and subordinates. Uncertainty avoidance (UA) This dimension conveys the outlook towards anxiety over the unknown. Some societies show more anxiety than others in their ways of handling with uncertainties. In high UA organizations, there are more written set of laws in order to lessen uncertainty, whereas in low UA firms, there are smaller number of written regulations and practices. In countries high in UA, employees are expected to abide by the leaders without inquiring leaders intentions and judgments (Hofstede, 2001). Individualism/Collectivism This dimension refers to the socialization an individual receives, either as an individual who stands on his or her own merit, a person whose well-being and happiness will result from his or her own doing, or, as an individual who primarily stands as a member of a group. Masculinity/Femininity Masculinity/Femininity conveys the tendency for some countries to practise qualities conventionally ascribed to women, and which are the quests of social concord, quality of life, and nurturing of relationships. Societies putting more stress on the pursuit of such qualities are called feminine. In contrast, masculine societies, stress the pursuit of qualities often related to manly conduct, such as valuing work over social pursuits, and the accrual of material wealth, over social harmony and quality of life (Hofstede, 2001). Confucian dynamism or Long-term orientation (LTO) According to Hofstede (1991), long-term orientation relates to a positive, dynamic, and future oriented culture linked with four positive Confucian values: persistence (perseverance); ordering relationships by status and observing this order; thrift; and having a sense of shame. This dimension has not been well received by the researchers globally. Business Culture of China The most vital depiction of Chinese culture is its high collectivism and power distance. The majority Chinese leaders have a high power distance, and only rely on the one they know or who are close to them. They wont give the power to anyone not in their group or party, and its hard for subordinates to gain high levels of trust from their leaders (Casimir et al 2006). Various Chinese original concepts, such as face, harmony, guanxi (interpersonal links), renqin (kindness), and paternalistic leadership, can be sketched to these two broad cultural dimensions. Chinese are reasonably low in Uncertainty avoidance, which means that they are not worried by uncertainty and ambiguity. Chinese are also recognized for their stress on hard work and thrift, an attribute explained as Confucian dynamism by Bond (Chinese Culture Connection, 1987) or long-term orientation by Hofstede (2001). Fascinatingly, China is considered as high in Embeddedness (e.g., protect my public image and social order), H ierarchy (e.g., humble and authority), and Mastery (e.g., successful and ambitious) based on Schwartzs values at the culture level (Schwartz, 2006). Embeddedness and hierarchy appear to match to collectivism and power distance, respectively, but Mastery is a comparatively novel depiction of Chinese people in the cross-cultural literature. The Chinese Culture Connection study (1987) depicted 40 values that can be ascribed to Chinese culture. These Chinese values are shown in table 1. Table 1: The 40 Chinese values in the Chinese value survey (Source: The Chinese Culture Connection 1987) Lets discuss about Motorola and Microsoft, both are US MNEs and their journey to enter Chinese market (Gao Y 2007). Motorola entered China in 1987 and now it is one of the most successful foreign companies in china. Microsoft also entered China in 1992 but its journey to China has been bumpier compared to Motorola. The presidency of Microsoft China has been changed five times after the establishment. Various methods used by these firms to make a smooth sail in China were: 1) Lobbying or Gongguan in Chinese and to lobby, a firm should build high-quality guanxi (relationship) with the government. Here lobbying means like building guanxi with Chinese government officials. The president of Motorola visited dignitaries of the Central Government of China to assemble their views on the entry of Motorola before they entered China. In order to get a constructive impression from Chinese government, Motorola donated cell phones to Chinese government officials. Microsoft also used the ways that Motorola adopted but has not been enough successful. Firstly, Bill Gates came to China for the first time almost a year after Microsofts entry into China, Chinese government officials believed that Gates looked down on the Chinese market. 2) Code of conduct Every MNE has its own code of conduct, but China also has its business game rules and amalgamation of the business game rules of China with the codes of conduct of MNEs decides the victory or collapse of MNEs in China. Motorola demonstrated an excellent fit between its own codes of conduct and the business game rules of China. Firstly, it abides by the laws and regulations of China, and makes substantive deal and sets up joint ventures with Chinese enterprises as per the request of Chinese government. Secondly, it respects Chinese culture, and tries to acclimatize its organisational culture to Chinese culture. Thirdly, it shows an excellent understanding of Chinese political context. In 1992, Motorola went ahead to set up branch es of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Motorola also announced that members of CPC have the priority to get jobs from it. Comparatively, Microsoft also has its own codes of conduct, but it doesnt bother about incorporating it with the Chinese business game rules. Firstly, Microsoft was reluctant to set up joint ventures with Chinese companies. Secondly, Microsoft organisational culture is not acknowledged by the Chinese government and NGOs but Microsoft doesnt want to amend it. Thirdly, In 1999 Microsoft also blamed Chinese companies of piracy, which showed that Microsoft didnt comprehend the business game rule in China. Here I also want to bring some personal information about the Chinese culture, my younger brother works for ZTE in India, one of the major telecom firms of china. I was having a discussion with him and asked him about the Chinese culture that prevails in ZTE, he also emphasised that Chinese believe in relationship (guanxi), thats how their business runs. Chinese also expects others to respect their society and culture and they believe in hierarchy and the employees who are old in the organization ought to be respected. Although due to the influence of western culture, Chinese culture is changing towards individualism but overall they are more collectivistic and give more importance to group rather then individual. Culture is perceptibly not stationary. As societies become affluent, the need for interdependence is diminished, leading to individualism. This reckoning suggests that Chinese should turn into more individualistic over time, and Chinese in more affluent regions are expected to be more individualistic. China may be changing toward individualism; it is still on the collectivistic part in the worldwide pitch. Even Hofstede suggested that value transform does happen, but a number of values possibly will change gradually that may take several decades to discover. Chinas hyper economic development has boosted living values upward speedily, leading to a significant change in the social norm about money and materialism and its acceptance by the Chinese society (Abramson Inglehart, 1995; Fang, 2006). A study by Chen (1995) showed that Chinese desire a merit-based incentive scheme even more stoutly than Americans, perhaps reflecting the change in Chinese culture. Implications for International Business in China None of the MNEs can overlook China, because of its massive market potential and its low cost configuration. MNEs need to analyze critically about the Chinese market and the prevailing culture to be successful in China. China is complex and diverse with changing paradigm in culture. Knowing guanxi is definitely useful, but one cannot presume that this information is valid to all the Chinese people that they come across. Multinationals have to be insightful about the dissimilarity between the social and economic apprehensions of Chinese people. Provided the popularity of materialism in contemporary China, many management practices as participative management, empowerment, job enrichment, knowledge management and total quality management may necessitate a high degree of inherent motivation for them to be successful. Regardless of the fact that Chinese may be more long-term oriented, based on the yin/yang principles, Fang (2006) has presented a dialectical outlook of culture, which prop osed an account for an array of ostensibly inconsistent behavioural patterns in various cultures. Thus, it is not astounding that Chinese may be long-term oriented in a few contexts, but are short-term oriented at work.

Seduction and Lust in Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market Essay

Seduction and Lust in Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market A seemingly innocent poem about two sisters’ encounters with goblin men, Christina Rossetti’s â€Å"Goblin Market† is a tale of seduction and lust. Behind the lattice of the classic mortal entrapment and escapement from fairyland, â€Å"Goblin Market† explores Laura’s desire for heterosexual knowledge, the goblin men’s desire for mortal flesh, and Laura and Lizzie’s desire for homosexual eroticism. Goblin men fascinate the sisters Laura and Lizzie, innocent virgins who were taught not to â€Å"peep at goblin men† (Rossetti, l. 49). Predominantly iambic tetrametric, â€Å"Goblin Market† follows a convoluted rhyming scheme and includes many enjambments, repetitions, and dialogues. This experimental form readily lends itself to natural storytelling and mirrors the experimentation of Laura and Lizzie. Laura, more curious than her sister, â€Å"[chooses] to linger/Wondering at each merchant man† (ll. 69-70). This curiosity and longing is expressed through Rossetti’s use of diction and rhyme in describing the girls’ â€Å"clasping arms and cautioning lips,/With tingling cheeks and finger tips† (ll. 38-39; italics mine). Laura is tempted to taste the luscious grapes the goblins peddle, though she acknowledges that the fruits’ â€Å"hungry thirsty roots† grow on alien soils (l. 45). Laura’s repetition of â€Å"Look, Lizzie, look, Lizzie† betrays her restless longings. The consecutive commencements with the word â€Å"one† and the assonance on the vowel â€Å"O† in the lines describing the goblins set the tone of urgency: â€Å"One hauls a basket,/One bears a plate,/One lugs a golden dish/Of many pounds weight† (ll. 54-59). This technique, like a refrain, punctuates the entire poem and Laura, wi... ...nd â€Å"dew-wet grass† (ll. 532-533). As with the girls’ experiences with the goblin men, this homoerotic experience is like a dream (l. 537). Laura and Lizzie, by sharing of themselves, discover that â€Å"there is no friend like a sister† (l. 562). Their love, redeeming and life giving, surpasses the seductive yet bitter fruits of the goblin men. Christina Rossetti’s â€Å"Goblin Market†, though punctuated with an air of innocence, is imbued with provocative imageries and rhymes. It encapsulates Laura’s desperate yearnings for the goblins’ fruits, the goblins’ lascivious desire to entrap chaste mortals, and Laura and Lizzie’s feverish love that is neither vulgar nor ephemeral. Works Cited Rossetti, Christina. Goblin Market. Illustrated by Laurence Housman. 1893. New York: Dover, 1983. Work Consulted Bellas, Ralph A. Christina Rossetti. Boston: Twayne, 1977.

Best Admissions Essay

0-4 Central Square Redhawks playing the 4-0 Christian Brothers Academy (CBA) on their homecoming. As a captain, you have to always be positive with your team and keep them going. You have to be the one to pick your brothers up when they need it, no matter how tragic something is. Football is a very physical sport as everyone knows, but what most people do not know is that it is actually just as much of a mental game. If a whole team comes together and believes they can do something, the odds are in their favor of succeeding. I knew that CBA was the best team around and had the most talent in the Central New York Area. Unfortunately, not everyone believed that we could succeed. By mid second quarter, we were down a whopping 42 points. We were sitting as a team in our auxiliary gym, feeling very disappointed. 0-5 is not the record we aimed for after working so hard in the weight room and on the practice field all summer. We had to make some important changes. Coach explained how we have a second chance. If we win our last two games (league games) we would go to sectionals. Going out with my parents and seeing all of my senior brothers were pretty emotional; though those emotions went away quickly though, as we knew what we had to do that night. To make sectionals, we had to win out, meaning not lose another game. Right before taking the field, we all came together in the locker room, and from that moment on everyone knew that we were going to make it happen. We all came together and each had the game of our lives. Film the next morning was exceptional, but we still got criticized for our mistakes as usual; to improve and get ready for next week. I was never so ready for a game. There is not a better game than playing our archrival CNS, it was a must-win to get into sectionals. The feeling was unbelievable; as our whole team knew we would go out and win that game. Pumping up my team with a speech that could make a grown man cry was the best way I knew to get us ready. When we first took the field in the second half, the frost on the before damp field felt like the frozen tundra. The breeze made it feel like winter already, with that Central New York arctic air creeping in. It felt like true football weather, as the second half was approaching. The start of the season wasn’t ideal, but leading a determined team to sectionals after starting 0-5 is the greatest feeling. We have made the best of what we could the last two games, as our hard work had paid off in a great way.

Achillobator - Facts and Figures

Achillobator - Facts and Figures Name: Achillobator (combination Greek/Mongolian for Achilles warrior); pronounced ah-KILL-oh-bate-ore Habitat: Plains of central Asia Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (95-85 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 500-1,000 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; huge claws on feet; odd alignment of hips About Achillobator As far as paleontologists can tell, Achillobator (the name, Achilles warrior, refers both to this dinosaurs large size and to the large Achilles tendons it must have had in its feet) was a raptor, and thus in the same family as Deinonychus and Velociraptor. However, Achillobator does appear to have possessed some quirky anatomical features (mainly concerning the alignment of its hips) that differentiated it from its more famous cousins, which has led some experts to speculate that it may represent an entirely new type of dinosaur. (One other possibility is that Achillobator is a chimera: that is, it was reconstructed from the remains of two unrelated dinosaur genera that happened to be buried in the same location.) Like other raptors of the Cretaceous period, Achillobator is often depicted as sporting a coat of feathers, underlining its close evolutionary relationship with modern birds. However, this is based not any solid fossil evidence, but the presumed featheriness of small theropod dinosaurs at some stage during their life cycles. In any case, at up to 20 feet long from head to tail and 500 to 1,000 pounds, Achillobator was one of the largest raptors of the Mesozoic Era, exceeded only in size by the truly gigantic Utahraptor (which lived halfway around the world, in early Cretaceous North America) and making the much smaller Velociraptor seem like a chicken by comparison.

Democracy and Greeces golden age essays

Democracy and Greeces golden age essays Democracy and Greeces Golden Age A golden age is a great time for a countries growth. A golden age is a time for learning and great achievements. It includes things like sculpture, poetry, science, math and architecture. Pericles was a man that started ruling Greece at a young age. He was a man that came from a rich and noble family. A wise and able statesman he led Greece form 461 to 429 Bc. He led the golden age for the 32 years he led. He was a honest skillful politician and a inspiring respected general. Pericles had three major goals for Athens. The first one was to strengthen Athenian democracy, it increased the number of public officials and it helped make a stronger democracy. To hold and strengthen the empire was the second one; he used money to build Athens a strong 200 ship navy. The third and final one was to glorify Athens, more money went to small navy and army, Parthenons wised gold marble and ivory. He really helped shape Athens and Greece. Greeks used classical art order balance and masterpiece of craftsmanship to style Greece. Design was not novel in style. Greek drama helped shape what we have in the modern days such as movies and plays on stage. Greeks invited Drama and built the first theater in the west. Tragedys is one example of Greek dramas. Tragedy drams were often about love, hate, war and betrayal. a tragic hero or a star as we would call them now is girl heroin. Comedies were another Greek drama. Comedies had scenes with slap stick situations. Theses situations often made people laugh. The plague rook place in 430 Bc. 1/3 to 2/3 of Greeks population died pericles son and wife were first killed from the plague then later on in the plague pericles later died. The Peloponnesian war was a major event in Ancient Greek history. Sparta declared was against Athens in 431 Bc. the war lasted 27 years from 431 Bc to 404 Bc. Athens eventually lost the war in the end...

Focus on Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Focus on Technology - Essay Example It was later applied in the University of Michigan. It used silver halide emulsions as the recoding medium although the images formed were not very clear. Over the recent years, the technology has been improved through the application of refractive index to alter light transmission. This has also seen development of many types of holograms including transmission and rainbow holograms (Workman 2). Transmission hologram allows light through it but the image is viewed from the side. Rainbow hologram on the other hand is used to serve security purposes on drivers’ licenses and on credit cards. Hologram is set by use of an object, a beam of light and recording medium (Workman 1). The beam of light should be shined on the object so as to cast its image on the recording medium. The environment should be appropriate to allow intersection of light as it enters into the hologram. A mirror is used to direct light to both the recording medium and the object. The beam of light moving to the object is known as the object or illumination beam and the one moving to the recording medium is known as the reference beam (Workman 2). The two set of beams coordinate to produce a clear image onto the medium. The interaction between the two patters gives rise to interference pattern which are now recorded as the virtual image. The recording medium can be made using various materials but the most common one is the photographic film (Workman 2). Some light-reactive grains are added to this film to make it react with the incoming beam of light. This has made it possible to record a higher resol ution compared to that produced by halide materials used in 1960s. Currently, researchers have formed tiny holograms by use of meta-surface. This hologram is able to control light and has advanced sensors, fast information processing and high resolution. Meta-surface is made up of thousands of V-shaped nano-antennas which are made into ultrathin gold foil (Elmorshidy 104). These

Sales management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sales management - Case Study Example We have invested heavily in the sales force training by partitioning the program into two sections i.e. the individual training via the podcasts and the group training at regional level. However, this motivation program has failed terribly when it comes to establishing the effectiveness of the podcasts and the staff in general. Also, in line with failing to establish the effectiveness, the podcasts are extremely high hence paralyzing our dreams of profit making. I’m humbly submitting that the budget to this current motivation program be revised to ensure maximization of our productivity lines. Our staff ought to be motivated in order to increase on their productivity. The costs of funding the program as indicated above will be generated from the returns that will accrue from our service delivery which we as a company are guaranteed. For effectiveness and efficiency, the proposed motivation program will be subjected to a series of evaluation schemes that will work on the motivation program’s productivity. Any constraints will be fixed on the early stages to avoid failure. This new proposed motivation program does not in any way intend to change the previous program but its main aim is to improve on the productivity of our service men. I would like to inform you that Sales Action Software will soon be making history through our new proposed motivation program that will generally work on the productivity of our workers and the company as a

The impact of foreign direct investment in China Thesis

The impact of foreign direct investment in China - Thesis Example His hypothesis was based on relative efficiency and opportunity cost that determined the production of commodities by each countries and eventual exchange of the same between them leading to trade between them that can easily be visualized in terms of international trade (Ricardo, 1821). However, much before both Smith and Ricardo, in ancient times China was a trade superpower and was involved in active trade transaction with many European and other Asian countries. This might resembles with theorists favoring bullions or monetarist’s theory of economic thought but neither of them extends an absolute explanation. Chinese indigenous goods that mainly comprised of valuable and costly silk of highest quality, extremely fine porcelain products, gun powder, and compass and last but not the least printed papers made their way into other Asian lands through the famous silk root. The same had also swum through the seas and oceans to knock the shores of the European countries where the y made huge profit, along with great reputation (Bodde, 1942; Chow, 2005, p.1). This sort of trade was technology driven and came out of certain resource monopoly. Not only those were mere goods that helped the Chinese economy to reach the pinnacle of its success but ground breaking inventions and innovations that held the Chinese head high at the global arena. Ironically most of those inventions were later credited to the western world. Historically China is a country with huge population; the most populated country of the world and in terms of area it also holds a substantial position. Both of these together created a huge market in China that was wealthy and a point of immense attraction for other countries to set up business ties with the same. It would not be an exaggeration that Chinese technology at that time was far more improved than the rest of the world but a technological backwardness soon crippled the nation as the Chinese monarchy was coming to an end. Inequality of we alth among the Chinese people and absolute ignore on behalf of the late monarchs as well as the upper class of the basic needs of the common people might be considered as the rime cause of this decline. The Chinese monarchy was riddled with undercurrents and mutual conflicts that added to the problem and especially the European businessmen cemented their feet taking advantage of this situation. Greed of the upper class that were busy to reap the last fallen fruits of Chinese monarchy took no care of the common Chinese and dreamt of building their glass house over the flesh, blood and bones of the common people (Mou, 2009, p.483). Once a flourishing nation; was thus turned into a lucrative playground for the European business bullies who were lurking as opportunist vultures to make the most out of this wealthy but technologically backward trailing country that was wrestling among their own class conflicts. Through this process China lost their dominant global presence and entered a s tate of stagnation. Amidst this catastrophic environment the emergence of Sun Yat-sen might be considered as the first fresh air. Though his life was short lived yet he fought the war lords bravely and is

Exploitation of Teenagers Essay Example for Free

Exploitation of Teenagers Essay Our Indian society is far better than the rest of the universe from the point of view of culture as well as conventions and ways of living but on the other side, if we glance into our society, it has many social and political and economical evils such as bride burning, dowry system and dowry death, corruption in educational system, problem of illiteracy in India, domestic violence, communalism, injustice, crime against children, unemployment in India, suppression of human rights, poverty. Some of the problems have been cast off from its core by the social propaganda and social awareness and education and there are still such unanswerable problems which must be removed from the society only through the individual consciousness. Literature is an echo or reflection of the society and that is why authors have a direct association with the society and its values. They have always been successful in the vivid portrayal of the colourful and well cultured society. At the same time they never hesitate to show a dirty and filthy image of the same society. One of the major themes in all genres of literature is social issues or problems. If we observe the present Indian society, the major problem that has taken place and has been most prevalent in the Indian society as well in the whole globe is the problems of teenagers. Childhood is one of the greatest and valuable periods in human life. It is that phase of life where a child is free from all the tensions, fun-loving, to play and learns new things, and is the most innocent of all the family members. This age of a child or teenager is of enjoying the naughtiness and also the time of learning and making career. If the teenagers work taking the whole family’s responsibility instead of learning what will be the future of the nation? The issues relating to the exploitation of teenagers should be high on any Governments agenda. Children should be on the first call on agenda of human resource development not only because young children or teenagers are the most helpless but because this age is the institution of lifelong learning and human development is totally dependent on these crucial early years. The constitution of any teenager’s social, emotional, mental background is depended on the primary stage of childhood. Children or teenagers are considered as the future of any nation and as the power and muscle of the nation lies in a healthy, protected, educated and well developed child population. Child abuse is covered in secrecy and there is a great conspiracy of silence among all the administrative power around the entire subject. Existing socio- economic conditions also render some children vulnerable and more at risk to abuse, exploitation and neglect. All the major or minor problems have their root causes from which it stems out. The Concept of Exploitation The awareness of this new phenomenon first emerged several years ago in Latin America, and more particularly in Asia. But the complete understanding of the term exploitation came into existence after many decades of the people’s slumber in the form of Karl Marx, the first revolutionary against capitalism and industrialism which are the basic factors of exploitation. He was a revolutionary by nature. He strongly believes: The worker becomes all the poorer the more wealth he produces, the more his production increases in power and range. The worker becomes an ever cheaper commodity the more commodities he creates. With the increasing value of the world of things proceeds in direct proportion to the devaluation of the world of men (Kreis 1). Thus Marx was against industrialism and capitalism that victimize the people through the medium of various instruments yielding exploitations. Marx argued that the change in socio-economic conditions occurred through organized revolutionary action. He argued that capitalism would end through the organized actions of an international working class, he did not believe in communism to be established; he used abide the people to accept reality-an ideal to which we will have to adjust itself. He believes that there are only two communities 1.Abuser and 2. Abused people. Then Came Lenin Vladimir, a Russian Marxist revolutionary and then Stalin came with his own revolutionary thoughts. In India, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar, came into the form of semi-God figure, worshipped by the down-trodden people and untouchables of India. He enriched the lives of exploiting caste by awareness, revolution and by granted them the basic human rights. Gandhiji also completely advocated him his actions to eliminate the wrongs done towards low-caste and exploited people. Exploitation has a strong relationship with the society as in the society there are many people who are being exploited or manipulated for the benefits of others. The term exploitation of teenagers basically has two meanings. One is to make use of someone for specific purpose whose age is more than twelve and less than twenty, and the second one is to manipulate someone or something in an unjust or cruel manner. In the simplest of words, the term exploitation refers to using another person’s labour without offering adequate rewards including all kinds of abuses as physical, verbal, emotional, sexual, psychological and mental. Exploitation of Teenagers as Reflected in Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable and Coolie Dr. Mulk Raj Anand’s two Novels Untouchable and Coolie are the real representation of the condition of our society i.e. the phenomenon of exploitation of teenagers. Mulk Raj Anand was a man of realism and the characters of his Novels are more real and universal rather than subjective i.e. individual. Most of his writings are directly or indirectly investigating deeply the social process. To Anand literature is an expression of society and the large majority of questions raised by him are social questions: question of tradition and convention, norms and genres, symbols and myth. Untouchable and Coolie are not only literary pieces became well known which talk about the behavioral pattern of untouchablity and the people deprived of socially, culturally, religiously and but because of several exploitations of people including innocent children of that period. Undoubtedly Untouchable is Anand’s modern work which is the image of his society’s trodden and exploited class. This book is considered to be an autobiographical note which came out as a form of his experiences. When Anand was a child, his father was employed as a Subedar in the Indian Army. During those days Anand mixed with the children of leather-workers, washer men and sweepers and came across their real daily life and its realities. This association and attachment continued till the days of his youth. Hence this Novel is the authentic document of his life’s incidents. Untouchable is the story of the depravation of outcaste people and at the same time of the exploitation of teenagers. It basically deals with the different teenagers’ problems like Bakha, sister Sohini, his brother Rakha and some other his outcastes friends like Chota and Ramcharan we come across during their a day’s activities. Coolie is also a masterpiece depicting the reality of life. The title is very apt, suitable and reasonable as the story of the Novel revolves round a boy named Munoo, a son of a porter who comes from his village to come out his poverty and works at various places. The peak of darkness of exploitation is expertly described by the author. The Novel also shows the highest level of inhumanity when poor Munoo works at socially, economically, and politically higher classes of Indian society. The Novel shows his adventures and journey of exploitation from servant, factory worker, rickshaw driver to a child labourer. There is a large difference between social evil and social problem. A definition of a social problem may be suggestive of state of affairs which are not favorable in society and people searching for the practical cure. On the contrary social evil indicates more complex, threatening and indescribable, may an implication of more realism, a degree of skepticism and gloom whether any remedy can be found. In everyday speech, both the terms are often used rhetorically and in substitution. There are many subjective and objective elements of social problems. Social problem includes many social forms and all share two important elements: an objective social condition and a subjective social condition. The objective element of a social problem refers to the existence of a social condition. Generally we learn about social condition through our own life experience, through the media and education. The subjective element of a social problem refers to a personal belief and view that a particular social situation is harmful to the society or to a segment of society, it should and can be changed. We can take an example for illustration. We know that poverty, racism, violence, pollution, crime. They are not considered to be social problems they diminish the quality of human life. Combination of these subjective and objective elements led us to certain efforts. Every individual needs to take steps in order to make the nation a better place to live in. Mulk Raj Anand is considered to be God or Messiah in backward castes and exploited class just because of his brilliant works which describe down-trodden and poor Indias social, political, and cultural conditions. The Novels Untouchable and Coolie, which communicate the abuses of an exploited class- an untouchable boy in Untouchable and a waif, Munoo in Coolie. Untouchable and Coolie are the only Novels in which Anand has presented the realistic picture especially problems and exploitations of teenagers of the early decades of 20th century in India to reveal the social background with the unique observation of social reformer. Anand has not presented the teenage character in particularly but in a general way. The writer has not only painted his works with the idea of keeping his literary pieces mirror up to the Indian society but also made it mandatory to think about the masses, about the sufferers and abused people and provided ideal solutions. Untouchable and Coolie are legendary stories of two teenagers Bakha and Munoo, appear among the people of the modern society to tell their problems, abuses and exploitations they endured. Bakha and Munoo are the symbolic representatives of the whole teenage class of the present day who give a voice to the predicament of the mute humanity in odd circumstances. Anand has not presented the adolescent characters in particularly but in a general way. Like G.B.Shaw, Mulk Raj Anand is considered to be a great thinker and reformer of the society. He succeeded in doing so by disturbing his readers putting the puzzle-like problems before the society like Shaw and never put a solution of a particular problem. No writer before Charles had handled the English people, similarly no Indo-English writer before Annad has devoted a strong sympathy to the poor, exploited class and neglected part of the society. The underdog protagonists Bakha and Munoo in both the Novels seem to sail in the same boat as far as personal and subjective suffering and exploitation is concerned. There is a parallel central theme in Untouchable and Coolie – social exploitation, exploitation of the poor and the under-privileged class by the forces of capitalism, industrialism and colonialism. In Anand’s Coolie, Munoo is denied his fundamental rights to life and happiness and is exploited and made to suffer, till he dies of consumption. The Novelist makes it quite clear that Munoo is not the only victim of such exploitation. He represents millions of those for whom such exploitation is the lot of everyday life. Both these Novels have been written with a purpose. These Novels are powerful condemnation of modern capitalistic Indian society and feudal system with the shameless and tragic exploitation of the underdog and poor which is also ready to sacrifice the poor teenagers and children who face the difficulties without protest. Both the protagonists desire to live but the society does not allow them to live. They die of exploitation, poverty and hunger. Thus, only a single problem that has attracted the attention of most of the writers, philosophers and administrators is the only exploitation of teenagers which can be possible to eradicate of this planet only through application of more possible improvements that can be beneficial for the teenagers. One of the helpful components is education which can help in relieving this major evil in the society. In the first Novel Untouchable we can rightly observe that Bakha became a victim of the society who has high aspirations of life which have been suppressed not only the customs and traditions but also by the dirty politics and Government. Bakha is seen, saved by the man emerged out in the end of the Novel like a real God in the form of Gandhi who has started the remedial works of the society not by the mere talks and philosophies but by the real implementation of the ideas he has. However in the real life who will be a benefactor person of these downtrodden and exploited people. This is a total responsibility of the Government and administrative people who are observing and enjoying the joyful moments just like an audience of a circus that need a complete meditation on this particular subject to take reforming steps in relation to this harsh reality. In the second Novel Coolie we can notice the same anguish scenario but with a different view. Munoo, hero of the Novel reveals real social conditions but not through a single day of his life but through the full-fledge life that might be a great trick of the writer not only to develop the discourse of the character of poor Munoo, but the silence and mum that is still prevalent and ever last among the heartless and unkind society as well as the administrative people even after the death of an innocent boy Munoo. This is not a single teenage boy who lives a hell-like life, is sacrificed on the altar of social treatment and Government’s indifference towards this burning social dilemma but there are many teenagers sacrifice themselves in the same manner which can create a shocking result which is merely unimaginative for the whole globe. Poverty Poverty is considered to be the first and foremost root cause of being exploitation of the teenagers. Poverty is one of the major issues, attracting the attention of sociologists and economists. It is such a situation in which a person fails to maintain a living standard adequate for a comfortable lifestyle. Poverty plays a significant role in the formation of public policy and has a centre of attraction to the National Policy Agenda forever five decades. Though India boasts of a high economic growth; it is shameful that there is still large scale of poverty in India. Poverty in India can be defined as a situation when a certain section of people are unable to fulfill their basic needs. India has the worlds largest number of poor people living in a single country. Out of its total population of more than 1 billion, 350 to 400 million people are living below the poverty line. Nearly 75% of the poor people are in rural areas, most of them are daily wagers, landless labourers and self employed house holders. The same scenario of anguish as presented in the Novel can be seen in the present society: The outcastes’ colony was a group of mud-walled houses that clustered together in two rows†¦.there lived the scavengers, the leather-workers, the washer men, the barbers, the water- carriers, the grass-cutters and other outcastes from Hindu society. A brook ran near the lane, once with crystal- clear water, now soiled by the dirt and filth of the public latrines situated about it, the ordour of the hides and skins of dead carcasses left to dry on its banks, the dung of donkeys, sheep, horses, cows and buffaloes heaped up to be made into fuel cakes, and the biting, choking, pungent fumes that oozed from its sides (Anand 1). Social division This great affecting major problem of the society came into existence when the Hindu society has been divided. That is why it is the main root or origin of this problem. Hindu society has traditionally been categorized into four classes, called Varnas the Brahmins, the Kshatriyas, the Vaishyas, and the Shudras. The first belonging to this Varna is called Brahmanas. Their function is to learn and to make share of the learning and to preserve the eternal knowledge of the race. The Brahmins are devoted to their works of teaching and preaching. Kshatriya is the one who belongs to Kshatra varna. This is the forms the military defense group, the martial class and administration of the society. They contain administrative and wielding political power and ruled the states. The Vaishyas are divided into the category of farming and business and that is the reason why they were pre-occupied with the works of selling goods to the others. Vaisya is the creative class of the society, and their primary occupations are trading and business and they are called merchants. Shudra is the lowest in the traditional four-section division in the Hindu caste system. The Shudras have classically lived lives of service. Slaves were often classified as Shudras, as were leatherworkers, blacksmiths, maids, cooks, and so forth. They have typically not been accorded the same rights as higher castes, forced to use different temples and public facilities. Thus the Gita declares: â€Å"The work of the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Sudras is divided according to qualities born of their own inner nature† (Wikipedia 1). Some relieving solutions Common education system Every child and citizen of India is eligible to get equal type of education. As we know parallel education system created by upper class and the rich people but limited to these classes only. We can say that this system is totally based on class and caste. Kothari Commission (1964-66) has presented the common school education system both for the poor and rich people. Almost all political leaders, upper class administrators support this system. But the little children and teenagers are sent to the private schools and English medium schools that charge high fees which are not affordable for the poor, down trodden and exploited class. It is very noticeable that neither State Government nor the Central Government has succeeded to cease these schools and will not dare for the same in the future also. Although the Government has opened a number of schools for the underprivileged and exploited class, how many benefits they got still now? The Government runs schools for the poor people like Bakha and Munoo but practically failed to make the major part of the deprived people educated. The reason also may be a lack of awareness among the down trodden people or a lack of Government policy. In one of the incidents of the novel Untouchable, we can observe that Bakha, at the British Barracks, shows his extreme wish of being educated to his uncle and he also weeps for it. His father tells him that schools and education institutions are made for the sahibs only not for the downtrodden and exploited class. In this way, we can rightly observe the lack of common education system at the time of British still continues today also. The same education discrimination is prevalent in the recent age. It is very clear that the upper class and rich people who are the holders of high degrees and well educated come in contact with the poor and exploited class and impose them to be abused. Because they are all illiterate and do not have degrees for getting good jobs just like the high class people which pathetic circumstances after all direct them to a single path of leading life and that is exploitation alone. The problem of social, economical and educational inequality can be solved only when the Government takes over the management of all the non-governmental schools by making necessary laws in this connection. In the near future if it is not done, the problem of inequality in all the grounds will remain same as present time. There is an intimate kinship between education and life. Education is the one tool that can drive one from the world of several exploitations and abuses to the world of equality. * Incentives to needy families to send their children to school regularly till they reach the age of 17 or 18. * Pre-metric and post-metric scholarship scheme for children of families employed in occupations such as scavenging. All children of such families, regardless of incomes, will be covered by the scheme. * Provision of remedial courses to improve their study and prospect for further education. * The recruitment of teachers from the low-castes who are being the target of exploitations. * Increasing of residential schools, including ashram schools should be established in a large numbers so that the parents can take care of their children very well. * The curriculum of education should be designed by keeping an eye on both rich and poor classes and as a device to encourage children and teenagers to get educated. * To provide them an education loan of a small amount without a single penny interest which provides in muster to make their children educated and employed. * The state should not discriminate against any citizen on the basis of religion, caste, race, sex by keeping in mind traditions and customs at school or colleges or any institution of learning. * Primary and secondary should provide education irrespective of cast and creed. Anti-poverty programmes The most important component of eliminating of the exploitation of teenagers is the socio-economic and anti-poverty programmes meant for the families socially and economically handicapped ready to sacrifice their children only for monetary significance. Gujarat is one of the most growing states of India now-a-days. Though the state is developing in all the directions, it is facing much more problems simultaneously; one of them is poverty. The Chief Minister of this state launched state-wide Abhiyan of Garib Kalyan Mela from Amreli which is the first major step taken in the whole India to reduce poverty. It has been announced of organizing around 50 Garib Kalyan Mela across the State, providing economic assistance to the poor and marginalized people. One of its essential objectives of this programme is to provide financial help which is the source of all the harms of the exploited and deprived people. Nearly forty thousand people, including slum dwellers and citizens Below Poverty Line (BPL) of Visnagar under this programme attained a full economical assistance at the Garib Kalyan Melo. However, the elimination or eradication of the poverty in India has not reached to a definite estimated level because of indifference of Central Government of India towards the reality of poverty. Such programmes related to poverty must be organized nationally to bend each state in these activities. Central Government of India totally failed to be conscious of the severe conditions of poverty. Present central Government need to be sensitized the administration so that such programmmes can get a start to lead actives and inspiration which have already started in a single state or two. In short, the schemes or programmes for reducing poverty as considered the first and primary source exploitation should be introduced and updated time to time by the central Government. On one side children and teenagers are considered to be the power and strength of the near future. On the other side, this social evil of exploitation is increasing day by day and taking its magnitude form. The day will come when half population of the children and teenagers will be exploited in India and these situations will create a great obstacle in the development of the nation. Therefore everyone should admit this harsh reality which cannot be cast off from its root unless and until the government is awake and show seriousness. References Anand, Mulk. Untouchable. Pune: Mehta Publication, 2003. Print. Anand, Mulk. Coolie. Noida: N.p. Penguin Books India, 1993. Print. Kreis, Steven. â€Å"Lecture on Modern European Intellectual History Karl Marx 1818-188.† The History Guide. N.p. 30 Jan. 2008. Web. 11 Nov.2010. â€Å"Varna (Hinduism).† Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. N.p. n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2010.

Tpm In Japan Industry Management Essay

Tpm In Japan Industry Management Essay It can be argued in Japan it is strongly believed that the success of a country depends on the brilliance of its production ability. Japanese commitment to continuous technical innovation in manufacturing industry, in which allowed them to become a leading economic power. Many Japanese manufacturing companies believe that there are two key feature needed to create a reasonable benefit: one is attractive products and strong manufacturing potential. Japan has made a concerted effort to strengthen its manufacturing capability over the last three decades, however to accomplish this success many Japanese factories implemented TPM. Manufacturing industries which retain production plants in Japan, concentrate on improving output by implementing TPM. (Yamashina,  1995) 3.2 Why TPM It can be argued there are many reasons why TPM has stretched so quickly in Japanese industry and also companies outside worldwide are interested. The main reason for expanding of TPM is provide remarkable results, first transforms the work place evidently and elevates the knowledge in production and maintenance team. Companies practicing TPM consistently achieve reduce in equipment break downs, minor stoppages, reduction quality defects, cutting accidents and promoting employees confidence. TPM increases workers roles in the decision making process. TPM increases roles in providing input and in making tactical decisions. Empowering the workforce is the main goal of TPM. TPM helps operators appreciate their equipment and expands the range of maintenance and other tasks they can handle. It allows workers to make new finding, obtain fresh knowledge and enjoy new skill. It strengthens motivation, prompt interest in their work and concern for equipment and furthers the desire to preserve equipment in top good condition. (chokotei in Japanese) 2.3 TPM Implementation In order to implement a successful TPM structure of the firms need to be studied. unacceptable organization structure can guide to the failure of TPM implementation. A typical organizational structure for TPM implementation is as shown in Figure below: Figure 14: TPM Structure According to (McBride, 2004) TPM needs effectual management from higher level, without successful leadership TPM efforts to the business, worker, equipment performance and consistency will keep on to decline. Also TPM is a long range program which can take more than few years to implement there for is more reasonable for firms to have a person responsible of implementing TPM. 3.1 TPM Implementation Nakajimas 12 Steps Total productive maintenance TPM was developed by  Seiichi Nakajima, Vice Chairman of the Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance, and below are the 12 famous steps for implementing TPM: Step 1: TPM management declaration This step requires top management support for TPM introduction. Lacking the support of management, doubt will execute the proposal. TPM aims need to be highlighted clearly in companys newspaper, newsletter and magazine. Step 2: TPM education This step will allow and teach all the employees about TPM. Managers provide data and presentation, in other hand this step of implementing TPM also include collection of data about TPM and to appreciate how it works. Step 3: Create Organizations to Promote TPM This team will encourage and continue TPM activities once they started. One of the tasks of this group to include individual from every level of the organization from each department in the firms, this structure will allow good communication between each departments to achieve same goals. Step 4: Establish Basic TPM Goals In this step existing conditions need to be analyzed and set of goals needed to be sets. The established TPM policies and goals should be very simple and obvious to everyone concerned in TPM implementation. Step 5: TPM Development Master Plan In this stage full master plan for implementation of TPM is all set and suggestion given to management. This task can be done by a consultant, with a plant visit to study production operations, equipment problems and losses, maintenance operations, and cleanliness in the plant, and talk to employees to determine their motivation and attitude. The consultant can then come up with proposal plan (Hartmann, 2000) Step 6: TPM kickoff In this stage visible study will establish a base dada, against which TPM results and progress can be calculated. Also teams needed to include OEE explanation and calculations of important equipment. The study will assess the condition of these equipments, maintenance activities and personnel skill. Then viability study results are presented to management team. Hartmann (2000) Step 7: Improve Equipment Effectiveness In this steps TPM guide installation should cover between %25 percent overall equipment, need of different teams to insure carry on of the installation. All employees in the stage must get TPM training. Step 8: Establish an Autonomous Maintenance Program Program need to be drawn for how to manage maintenance effectively, Maintenance that is performed by the machine operator rather than the maintenance staff Step 9: Introduction inspection: Inspection needs to be carryout and by checking TPM fundamentals are done correctly. . Step 10: Conduct Training This stage highlights the importance of training the worker to achieve high standard performance from the equipment. Step 11: Certification: The stage is very important because certificate is to show to the client that equipment and product quality have been improved and maintained from equipment. Step 12: TPM Award: The final stage is reward for TPM installation is. By gaining award it shows the improvement in the firms also carrying out individual reward to boost worker morale. 3.5 TPM and Training It can be argued team approach training will help development of worker individual skills. The aim of training is to have multi-skilled and refreshed employees with high morale, who are keen to perform all the required functions. By correctly formulate teams create an environment where employees know the benefits of training and the correct method of operating their equipment, research shown that motivation is misplaced because the workers not last long enough at specific workplace to seek basic equipment problems (Kennedy, 2006). Company normally motivated independent small teams activities with the aim of matching with company goals and constant training which includes formal daily basis knowledge about equipment and maintenance issues (Kister et al., 2006). 3.6 TPM and Autonomous Maintenance (Jishu Hozen) Autonomous maintenance is the procedure in which operators recognize and share responsibility within maintenance area to check the performance of the equipment. According to (Robinson and Ginder 1995) the idea of Autonomous Maintenance is the creation of skilled equipment workers for protecting equipment maintenance. In other hand (AM) can be a keystone of TPM activities. (Komatsu 1999) according to the writer in this Autonomous Maintenance environment, the maximum requirements for operators to have the ability to notice nonstandard with relation to equipment The goals of Autonomous Maintenance are following (Suzuki 1994): Prevent equipment decline . Bring equipment to its ideal state. Establish the basic conditions needed to keep equipment well maintained. 3.7 TPM and Planned Maintenance It can be defined as a planned maintenance system in which rising production without no failures, no defects and improving the quality of maintenance methods by increasing machine availability. Implementing this activity powerfully help decrease input to maintenance activities. Also planned Maintenance supports the concept of zero failures (Shirose 1996), also the aim of TPM activities is to support company structures by eliminating losses through the achievement of zero defects. 3.8 Kobetsu Kaizen Kaizen is a Japanese word in which means (improvement), this methods objective is to improvement a number of small improvements to reach and maintain zero losses. The key feature of kaizen is that it is an ongoing improvement approach process through eliminating losses using all techniques for kaizen and by shifting the operation process to make the job more productive. The Kobetsu kaizen 10 steps development are showing in the figure below: Figure 15: Kobetsu kaizen 10 steps Development 3.9 TPM and Quality Maintenance Quality maintenance can be described a establishment of circumstances that will prevent the incidence of defects and control of such circumstances to reduce defects to zero. According to (Japan institute of plant maintenance 1996) can be accomplished by establishing environment for zero faults, inspecting and monitoring conditions to eliminate disparity, and carry out blocking actions in advance for equipment failure. It can be argued the key thought of quality maintenance is focusing on preventive action before it happens rather than reacting after it happens. Quality maintenance, like (MP), structured to develop within the focused Improvement, Autonomous Maintenance, PM, and (MP) all are TPM support. Quality maintenance helps implementing TPM by make certain equipment are functional up to high standard. (Schonberger 1986) (Pomorski, 2004). 3.10 TPM and Office Office TPM is another important part of whole package of TPM and it need to implement in correct way to improve productivity, efficiency from administration side and also eliminating of losses. This includes analysing processes and procedures for increased office efficiency. Office TPM demonstrates twelve major losses (Venkatesh, 2007): Processing losses; Cost losses include accounts and marketing sales Communication losses Office equipment breakdowns Communication breakdown Time depleted on recovery of information Supply eminence non- accessibility Customer complaints emergency purchases precision loss Setup loss Idle loss 3.11 TPM and Environmental, Health and Safety The TPM safety and environmental support is important as well as other aspect mention before, no TPM program is significant without focus on safety and environmental issues. According to (Suzuki 1994) describes ensuring equipment consistency, stopping human error, and eliminating disaster and toxic waste are the key aims of TPM. The operators must be trained to execute risk evaluation to build self-assurance and hazard maps should be available to stay away from needless exposure. According to (Heinrich 1980) shows for every 500,000 safety issues there are 300 are near neglects, 29 injuries, and 1 death ash showing in figure below. In recent years environmental safety is attracting more focus for when implementing TPM. Many argue manufacturing management currently will be less efficient without environmental safety. In todays manufacturing environment, environmental safety includes decrease of energy use, elimination of toxic waste, and decrease of material raw material use (Pomorski, 2004). http://kaizenrms.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/heindrich2bprinciple.jpg http://www.tpmconsulting.org/images/EngV/concept_pic26.jpg Figure 16 The Heinrich Principle